Of Personal Development, Critical Thinking and Enhanced Quality of Care Essay

In this reflection paper, I would like to relate some unforeseen events during the course as well as my experience of being assessed. The medical practitioner assigned to me was a consultant of medicine for geriatric patients. The fact that he is not a physiotherapist may be considered an unforeseen occurrence. I did not really expect him to come from a different field. The similarity in language and way of thinking of practitioners from the same field would have facilitated the process. At first, similar to my feelings in collaborating with my nurse classmates, I had the same feeling of hesitation in associating with my DMP. However, as the course progressed, I realized that he could be a very good mentor. He patiently guided me throughout all the pertinent tasks that I had to carry out. I attended the clinic with him at Saint Pancrase Hospital for the morning Clinic, which finished at twelve o’clock, then the Ward round from two o’clock at Saint Pancrase hospital for two hours. I then went to University College London Hospital for My OSCE after four o’clock at the T10 ward. For the last fifteen years I have been working in a community, this is my first time to examine a patient thoroughly in a hospital, not only to examine the patient but also to perform my Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Since he wanted to examine me on COPD patient with some complications, he was right that it was hard on me. Yet I did it and enjoyed the experience despite the situation under pressure. It was very long observation from my DMP, which again for long time I did not observe, was indeed a complicated but a true learning experience. I am grateful to my DMP and the way he taught me. I enjoyed his teaching, his approach, and his skills as a consultant were excellent. I will miss his teaching. My experience with him made me see the value of having a competent mentor regardless of the field that one is interested in. The presence of a coach and mentor made learning easier because it made me confident that I can rely on someone who is an expert and possesses a learning attitude, as well as one who is willing to help me out in the process. Admittedly, there were some difficulties in relating with him at the beginning because we were from different fields of study. But again, this experience is a test of flexibility in adjusting to the demands of the situation. I my best to work with him and follow the guidelines and advice which he gave me. In the course of our interaction, I have learned to become more comfortable in dealing with him. There is value in having a good working relationship with one’s superiors and colleagues; it makes the learning journey so much easier. I also feel that I should further develop a mentoring relationship with an expert in this field to be able to reach my full my potential. Empirical research from both educational and industrial settings suggests that students and employees both have increased probability of success if they have had a mentor. While mentors are effective for everyone, sometimes organisations implement mentoring programs to support particular parts of their populations, often newer employees. And while mentoring programs are always established with the best of intentions, their results are often mixed (Werner, 2004). To make the most of my clinical exposure, I hope to establish a strong mentoring relationship with a doctor or a medical allied professional who will be able to coach me on increasing competence in my clinical practice. I have realised that coaching and mentoring are very effective ways of developing my leadership potential because it does not only develop me in terms of technical expertise, but it will also allow me to actually experience how these experts undergo the coaching and mentoring exercise. I have also realised that a novice in any medical allied field acquires clinical judgment and skill over time. Knowledge is refined through actual clinical experience; this moves her from a rule-based, context-free stage to a more analytical, logical and intentional pattern of thinking (Benner, Tanner, & Chelsea, 1996). To effectively provide a conducive learning environment, these medical professionals need venues for examining and developing their problem solving and reasoning skills towards making clinical judgments (Miller, 1992). I realised that such venues transpire through numerous learning experiences. In particular, I am contemplating about being able to practice in a large hospital to permit such comprehensive clinical exposure. I have also realised that participating in varied learning experiences offers the chance to apply classroom theory in the clinical setting. This was a point that was shared with me by my DMP. Clinical experiences enable the formation of meaningful related information on the basis of what the nurse has learned in the classroom. There is an expectation that with more experience, this novice can move from the level of advanced beginner to the level of competence by program completion. Clinical judgment is defined as nursing decisions about which areas to assess, analyzing health data, prioritizing which task to do, and who should carry it out (Carnaveli & Thomas, 1993). For clinical judgment to be assessed as sound, it should be arrived at using critical thinking and logical reasoning, that will enable the deduction of valid conclusions, and the decisions that may be borne from these. I am thankful for this experience as they have given me profound insight on the areas that I could further develop to become a more competent professional in this field.

Miller, Kant, and Aristotle on fostering relationship between Great grandpa and his grandson Essay

Making moral decisions can be difficult sometimes and it is not easy to reach a certain conclusion. Philosophical decisions are much more complex and take time to evlaute decisions in life. Rather, the reasoning behind a moral decision is much more intricate, requiring a medley of sources to arrive at a decision. Take, for example, a situation in which a father has to decide whether or not to foster a relationship between his three year old son and his son’s dying great grandfather. Is the son having a relationship with his great grandfather worth risking the pain his son would have to endure due to his great grandfather’s death? Or, would the pain be too scarring and ruin the life of such a young mind? To help resolve his dilemma, the father might turn to the philosophical giants: Mill, Kant, and Aristotle. Mill would agree to foster the relationship. However, to arrive at this decision, certain assumptions were made. Mill would advise to foster the relationship if the great grandfather would live a couple more years. Mill’s basis for moral decision making rests on whether the sum of all pleasures outweighs the sum of all pains. Thus, in order for Mill to agree to foster the relationship, it must be stated that the relationship between the great grandfather and the son is a good healthy relationship and that the death does not cause any permanent or enduring psychological damage on neither the son, nor the father, nor the great grandfather. After all, Mill’s theory demands that one take into account the sum of all the pleasures and all the pains. Also, the son might also gain the power to deal with death with this relationship. Mill would then consider good results from this relationship. Therefore, if everyone receives more pleasure from the relationship between the great grandfather and the son than pain (even after death) then Mill would advise to foster the relationship. Kant, on the other hand, discards the notion of consequences. Kant’s advice in this situation is harder to decipher because his theory is based on internalization and motivation. Kant would agree to foster the relationship if the father’s motivation for the relationship is purely the relationship in itself. In other words, it requires that the father be treating the great grandfather as an end rather than as a means. If the father wants to foster the relationship merely because he feels it might result in a larger endowment for his son, then Kant would no longer advice fostering the relationship. Furthermore, Kant might support fostering a relationship if the father’s decision to not foster a relationship was to avoid the pain of death. The inverse is also true. Kant might advice asking the great grandfather (not the three year old son, for he is too young to reason) whether he would like a relationship with his great grandson. Then, the father would be treating him as an end, not as a means. It is also important to take into consideration whether it is a father’s duty to foster a relationship between a great grandfather and his son. Kant’s advice only holds assuming that both the great grandfather and son are generally good and the relationship that would form between them is also good. In summation, Kant’s theory bases itself on internal motivation. As he himself stated, oftentimes, the layers are too difficult to peel to arrive at the true motivation. Aristotle would advise fostering some relationship with the father (this would be the virtuous mean). Aristotle would argue that not fostering a relationship and fostering too much of a relationship would be two extremes. Aristotle advises that one must find a mean in between the two extremes and that is the right relationship. Moreover, Aristotle believes that morality can be learned through observation. Therefore, a three year old child would have much to gain from the experience of an 84 year-old great grandfather. This relationship might help the son reach his human purpose, or excellence. Once again, Aristotle would only advise any relationship if the relationship is good and both the great grandfather and the son enjoy it. Perhaps a better approach to arriving at a decision requires a combination of both Kant’s and Aristotle’s philosophy. The decision continues to run on the assumption, of course, that both the great grandfather and the son are good people and that a good and healthy relationship would thus form. The decision to foster a relationship must first be decided based on the motivation. In other words, a relationship should only be fostered if the father wants a relationship only because of the relationship and not as a means of achieving a greater good. However, fostering too much of a relationship might force unnecessary pains. Thus, a mean of some relationship should be followed. For example, a relationship of one hour on the weekends might be beneficial. For, once a relationship would form, it would not be strong enough to completely devastate any party involved.

March Madness Essay

March is one of the craziest, fun-filled, exciting months of the year, especially for people who love basketball. St. Patrick’s Day arrives, the warmth is just starting to come back; but that is not the best part, it’s all the March Madness. The NCAA Basketball Tournament brings happiness, laughter and upsets to some people and teams. Every Division 1 Basketball team in the country plays to eventually make it to the Sweet Sixteen on the bracket, in hopes of being the new NCAA Basketball Champions. Some teams struggle, while others come out on top. â€Å"The Game That Saved March Madness† written by Sean Gregory, Time staff writer who has been writing about sports for about a decade, and Alexander Wolff, a writer for Sports Illustrated, talks about the legendary game between the Georgetown and Princeton Men’s basketball teams in 1989 that saved the tradition of what is known as March Madness today. This game meant so much to the NCAA and fans who love the game of basketball because it was somewhat of a rebirth for college basketball. They talk about how Princeton, who was a number 16 seed in their division, played extremely well and almost won the game against the number 1 seed, Georgetown. Even though they fell one point short in the last few seconds, they made history and brought this tournament back to life because never has a seed that low in a division ever put up that great of a game against a top team in the country. People who like basketball should read this article because Gregory and Wolff give the history of March Madness and they interest the reader with intricate details of this event. History is an important part of everything in this world, whether it be culture, religion, or even sports. Gregory and Wolff incorporate a lot of history in this article, which makes it worth reading. They talk about the background of the tournament. In 1939, the National Association of Basketball Coaches founded March Madness, which is the NCAA Men’s Basketball tournament. For the first twelve years, there were only 8 active teams. The tournament started to increase in popularity and gained over 60 teams within  3 decades (Gregory and Wolff). They also explain how in 1989, the game between Georgetown and Princeton â€Å"saved† March Madness, and slowly but surely became the most popular sporting event, right behind the Super Bowl. Before 1989, the March Madness tournament was starting to become predictable, and there was a real controversy concerning teams with low rankings being involved in the tournament because they would have â€Å"no chance† of winning a title. Gregory and Wolff say â€Å"A St. Patrick’s Day audience, then the largest ever for a college basketball game on a young network called ESPN, was going to see a 16th seed–the lowest in the tournament–beat a No. 1 for the first time†. Before this game, no one in college basketball had witnessed this happen. Bob Scrabis, the senior captain of the Princeton Tigers basically changed the game forever. Princeton, being the lowest ranked team in tournament, gave Georgetown a run for their money. With one second left in the game and down one point, Scrabis took the shot of lifetime, but missed. Even though the Tigers did not beat the number one seeded Georgetown Hoyas, they proved that any team, ranked low or high, could provide the entertainment of a good game and possibly future upsets. When basketball fans read this, they learn the background of one the most notorious sporting events that caused an uproar in college basketball and opened the eyes to many. They would also realize how March Madness as a tournament has changed and has become as big as it is now. Although the history of the game is very important, Gregory and Wolff are so knowledgable in the game of basketball that the way they describe this game makes readers feel like they could close their eyes and see the action happen. Details can make or break a story, and in this case they made it. One way they showed details were by describing the conversation of the sports analysts Dick Vitale and John Saunders, who were calling the game. Dick Vitale said â€Å"that if Princeton won, he would hitchhike from ESPN’s offices in Bristol, Conn., to Providence and lead the Tigers’ cheerleaders for the second-round game† (Gregory and Wolff). This was a While comparing the two teams, Gregory and Wolff say: The teams also had contrasting styles. The Hoyas pushed the tempo and  pressured the ball full-court. â€Å"We had a very nasty disposition about us,† says Mourning. â€Å"We played hard-nosed, rough, very defensive-minded, in-your-face basketball.† The Tigers slowed the pace in an attempt to neutralize the physical gap with other teams. â€Å"You had to do something to take some minutes off the clock,† says Carril. â€Å"To shorten the game.† Carril’s squad ran an intricate offense designed to lull defenses to sleep. The moment they conked out, the Tigers deployed their signature play: a backdoor cut behind an unsuspecting opponent, often for an easy layup. They include details to show readers how the teams have played, which helps readers understand why and how this was such an important game to not just these two teams, but the whole college basketball community, as well. Another way they went into great detail is when they spoke about the outc ome of the game. Some people are impatient and want to just get to the point. Others, actually want to know every little detail to help them really understand why and what is going on. Gregory and Wolff said: But Georgetown didn’t wilt. Behind Mourning, the Hoyas clawed back until they were up by a point with one second remaining. Princeton in-bounder Matt Lapin passed to teammate Kit Mueller, who quickly put up a shot before time ran out. Mourning got a piece–of what, we don’t know. Something blew †¦ but it wasn’t a whistle to send Mueller to the foul line. It was the horn, to officially end the game. Georgetown 50, Princeton 49. This part of the article makes readers feel at the edge of their seats, waiting for the outcome of the game, just like they were watching it on TV. When authors like Wolff and Gregory include details like that, it brings life to the story that makes basketball fans want to keep reading more because it is just so intense and interesting to see how far college basketball has become. In spite of the fact that this game is a big part of college basketball history and it includes many details not everyone would want to read this article. People that do not like basketball would not read this because they would just simply not understand the content. If someone has never watched or have been around basketball before, they would not understand what the authors were talking about and why it matter in the society of basketball.  They would probably think this is just another â€Å"game† that was blown out of proportion and made to seem like a big deal. You cant understand something if you do no pay it any attention. Whether it be golf, tennis, volleyball or even football, if you have not watched that sport, you just would not comprehend what Sean and Alexander were talking about. Also, some people choose other hobbies rather than sports. They could be into other things like video games, art and music. Even though those people might not actually like basketball or any other sports at that, they could enjoy watching underdogs come up and beat predicted teams and they could also have a very high level of school spirit, so they would still support their school. March Madness as a tournament has come a long way. Gregory and Wolff do a great job of explaining the history of the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament, making it easy to understand how the game unfolded, and putting in details that bring the article to life. Basketball fans should definitely read â€Å"The Game That Saved March Madness† by Sean Gregory and Alexander Wolff because they will gain knowledge about one of the most popular sporting events of this time and understand why it was so important. Works Cited Gregory, Sean, and Alexander Wolff. â€Å"The Game That Saved March Madness.† Time 183.11 (2014): 50. Academic Search Complete. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.

The Social Class system is alive and well.Discuss Essay

The Social Class system is alive and well.Discuss - Essay Example This paper in particular tends to argue that despite the pledge of political leaders, social class system is still alive and well at every point of societal concerns in the developed nations like UK and US. Among the various social class theories Marxism is the most prominent one which contributed to the communist outburst in the nineteenth century. Karl Marx, the German sociologist through his social class theory defined the capitalist society into two major classes; bourgeoisie and proletariat. Bourgeoisie refers to the owners of the means of production whereas proletariat refers to the labor class. According to him, a fair society would come true only if everyone has the ownership on factories, public services, and means of production, which could be utilized for the common good. This is the basis of other political philosophies like communism and socialism. Marxism got multiple responses from all over the world and altered the political facet of many economies by making global divisions such as capitalist and communist camps. The relevance of the theory is still a matter of political debate and the so called equality is a utopian idea to capitalists. They believe that social equali ty cannot be attained through class struggle, and moreover the state ownership or limited access to private property would lessen employees’ creativity. Class is natural as well as inevitable feature of a society which would gradually emerge in every civilization despite all forced strategies. Therefore, a genuine attempt to bring forth equality should focus on healthy interaction, tolerance, and mutual understanding between the classes. Although Max Webber also found two classes; owners and workers, he disagreed with Karl Marx’s concept to certain extents. According to him, class is determined by one’s occupation rather than the ownership of the means of production. He argued that an unskilled laborer who is engaged in menial jobs would belong to

A challenging question for research and practice arises Essay 2

A challenging question for research and practice arises 2 - Essay Example Organizations are, therefore, entitled to consider the ambivalence attitudes in their plan for change in order for them to achieve their goal. Improvement of internal communication within an organization is a basic measure taken during the transition of organizational change. The first consideration for an organization plan for change is the initial wrong perception to change. This might be coming from the managers, employees or even the customers. The wrong initial perception is brought by the inability of an organization to forward into the future and accept their vision. The stakeholders can deny the unexpected information on change or even wish that they could continue with their present thoughts even when the situation has changed. Poor communication can create an organizational silence in a company, which means that the stakeholders are not given a chance to express their thoughts about the change (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2009). Lack of motivation for change is another factor which should be considered in organizational change. Motivation for change can be hindered when the change is planned to increase the sale of a certain product but at the same time reducing the wages and salaries of the workers such that it is a sacrifice in order to achieve change. Past failures of the organizations trials for change can make workers feel not compelled enough for changing the organizational status (Piderit, 2000). An organization must consider a situation whereby there are different interests for change between the management and the workers. If the employees are valuing change more than the managers, the goal for organizational change cannot be easily achieved since the managers lack enough motivation (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2009). Resistance to change can also result from lack of creativeness in search for the most appropriate strategies for achieving change. This mostly happens

BTN3-3 homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BTN3-3 homework - Coursework Example As years progress, the value of the equipment will decline till the accumulated depreciation is equivalent to the cost of purchase if the asset does not have a salvage value. This being the accredited way of recording depreciation expenses and accumulated depreciation, I hereby support the method used by Boland. Smith’s method has its strength, but the weaknesses are severe. It can be noted from the statement that the depreciation was the first one because the accumulated depreciation was equals to depreciation expense. For the first year, the method proposed by Smith is logical since it is easy to credit the amount directly in the balance sheet with regards to the asset depreciating. The weakness arises when the equipment has depreciated for several years, it will be difficult to have a plot on the accumulated depreciation, and thus, the value of the equipment will be overvalued or undervalued. The situation Boland is facing an ethical one, because the method Smith is suggesting and what she is used to are both applicable to the situation. As an accountant, there are guidelines such as General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) that spells out how such transactions should be recorded. Therefore, if Boland violates those principles, the financial reporting of the firm’s status will not be accurate. It is unethical to violate those

The effects of achol on the health,mental power, and relations of Research Paper

The effects of achol on the health,mental power, and relations of users - Research Paper Example Medical doctors have recently conducted an exploration that revealed a lot of alcohol consumption consequences. For instance, they found out that often alcohol usage leads to an advanced liver disease which can even not be noticeable for a long time; however, when a person starts accidentally feeling sick, one’s liver is happened to be totally and irreversibly ill (â€Å"Chronic Effects of Alcohol† 381). The liver disease is one of the most frequent consequences of chronic alcohol usage and most frequently happens in medical practice. However, the number one harm that a drinker might do to his own organism is getting one of the multiple cardiovascular system diseases that alcohol usage leads to. The point is that the cardiac muscle is prone to damage when a person drinks alcohol, because it loses its ability to keep itself in tone. Thus in some time the muscle can become weaker and a drinker will get such serious heart conditions as hypertension and ischemia, which late r will probably become the reasons for a heart attack (Brien et.al. 480). Furthermore, scientific researches denote that even a rare usage of alcohol could become an activator of an aerodigestive cancer (a cancer of upper respiratory tract and some upper gastrointestinal organs) (Zeka, Gore and Kriebel 897). Even though there are still not enough proofs to claim that alcohol usage could possibly be a reason for cancer, still the damages it causes are vast enough to become the first steps to cancer disease. Besides, scientific researchers have proven that alcohol usage harmfully influences human mortality and can significantly reduce a person’s duration of life. This happens not only because of the harm that alcohol does to human organism, but also it concerns a big amount of lethal accidents that happen to people because they are under alcohol inebriety (Carpenter and Dobkin 164). The most widespread cases of alcohol usage consequences are motor vehicle fatalities that

Hofstedes Culture Work Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hofstedes Culture Work - Case Study Example This obliviousness to the existence of 'culture' and the shared basic assumptions that unites a cultural group often leads to members of that group becoming confused or irritated when situations arise which are alien to their set of norms and expectations. Hofstede has conducted a study in which he researched some employees of Germany's E.ON in Spain. However, Hofstede's E.ON questionnaire was not designed for cultural comparisons but for organisational development. Employees gave self-report responses to about 160 items which Hofstede analysed with ingenuity; he compared scores not for individuals but between countries, which he called an "ecological analysis." He reported and analysed four dimensions of culture: Individualism versus Collectivism: "Individualism - a preference for a loosely knit social framework in society, in which individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and immediate family's only; as opposed to Collectivism - a preference for a tightly knit social framework..." Masculinity versus Femininity: "Masculinity - a preference for achievement, heroism, assertivene... iduals are supposed to take care of themselves and immediate family's only; as opposed to Collectivism - a preference for a tightly knit social framework..." Masculinity versus Femininity: "Masculinity - a preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material success; as opposed to Femininity - a preference for relationships, modesty, caring for the weak, and the quality of life" Uncertainty Avoidance: "the degree to which members of society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity" (Hofstede, 1983, 1991) Hofstede has made unusual efforts to elaborate the conceptual nature of his dimensions. Such extensions have also been made by others such as Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1997). There is already considerable research concentrating on these dimensions, especially regarding individualism-and collectivism. Individualism versus Collectivism Our sense of identity is often dependent, to a large degree, on our sense of belonging to and affiliation with a particular group - be it family, caste, clan, tribe or class. However, in individualistic countries, much more emphasis is placed on the realisation of the individual. Independence is greatly valued and social bonds between people tend to be relatively loose and flexible. This is particularly evident in the decision-making process as decisions tend to be made by individuals in positions of authority rather than by a committee or group. On the other hand, collectivistic countries are primarily oriented towards common goals and objectives and more value is placed on group interests. In collectivistic countries, employees often expect the organisation to protect their interests by way of providing them with professional development, benefits and long term security within the organisation. Needless to say

The Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Color Purple by Alice Walker - Essay Example Biographical information Alice Walker’s birthplace was in Eatonton, a small city in Georgia. Her father (Willie Lee Walker) was basically a farmer, and her mother (Minnie Lou Walker), a maid. Unlike other African American parents during 1940s in America, Walker’s mother was interested in her daughter’s education. She did not allow her daughter to be a worker in the farm or to work as a maid. Instead, she tried her level best to provide proper education to her daughter. One can see that Walker’s future life was deeply influenced by her mother’s decision to lead her towards education. Stephanie Fitzgerald states that, â€Å"From the time she was young, Alice knew that the world was a different place for a black child in the South than it was for a white child anywhere† (22). So, Walker completed her school education. Later, she decided to continue her education and attended Spelman College and another college named as Sarah Lawrence College. Wh en she was a college student, she got attracted towards social activism and this changed her life. For instance, Walker’s activism related to the Civil Rights Movement in America is noteworthy. Besides, Walker considered that anti-war protest/activism was important to extend her service to the needy. Walker’s personal life proves that she was ready to accept diversity. For instance, she married Leventhal in the year 1967. One can see that this marriage was revolutionary because Walker is an African American and Leventhal, a Jew. On the other side, Walker provided ample importance to her career as a writer because she knew that dealing with burning issues in the society is not different from social activism. Plot: The Color Purple The novel’s plot is interconnected with the sad plight of an African American girl in the American society. The narrator of the novel, named as Celie, faces a number of problems in her family. Celie was helpless because her parents did not try to provide proper education to her. Besides, she was forced to undergo sexual exploitation from her step-father. Katharina Eder makes clear that, â€Å"At the beginning of the story the reader learns, how Celie, then a 14 year old girl is raped by her, then thought to be father†(5). Eventually, her mother dies and her father became uncontrollable. Her father did not allow Celie’s sister (Nettie) to marry Mr. Johnson. Instead, Celie’s father forces her to marry Mr. Johnson. Within this context, Celie’s personal life became more problematic because Mr. Johnson treated her as a slave, not as his wife. At Mr. Johnson’s home, Sofia (Mr. Johnson’s son’s wife) taught Celie that women must not subdue to men. Once, Mr. Johnson’s lover (say, Shug Avery) happens to be ill and undergoes bed rest at their home. Gradually, Celie gets attracted towards Shug. On the other side, Sofia was not ready to be under the control of her husband and she deserts her husband. In addition, Shug began to interfere into Celie’s personal matters and helped her to know more about her sister. Later, Celie happens to know that her sister is alive and is working with a missionary in Africa. Besides, Celie’

Performance Management and HR Budgeting for H2O Essay

Performance Management and HR Budgeting for H2O - Essay Example The purpose of performance management is to create significant performance indicators, so that employees can follow their own performance levels. This method can help them manage their activities, correct their weaknesses and provide a plan for the right processes to maximize their performance. Performance management measurement is about accountability – to the organization and then to one’s self. We can tell that the organization’s performance management system is working well if we notice the following signs: high morale for the members of the team; effective teamwork even across different departments; promotion decisions are well formulated; goals are achieved; people are motivated; appraisals executed effectively; and terminated employees are well informed of their performance. (Horwitz, 2005, p. 5) Performance management philosophies Performance management systems developed by organisations are based on the philosophy which emphasizes employee performance. T his system motivates employees to perform well and work for organizational objectives. Performance management philosophy refers to developing an organized method of evaluation that requires performance expectations, monitors the job of the employees, evaluates their performance, and uses the information from this evaluation for management decisions and also for providing resources. (Bhattacharyya, 2011, p. 11) A management philosophy may start with the hiring process. The initial step is to focus on an applicant’s goals, capabilities, career focus, and so on. As soon as the applicant passes the tests, he/she becomes a member of a high-performing team. The developed performance management system allows the employees to know the company’s performance requirements and incentives, based on job results, and also to acquire new ways how to effectively perform up to the next performance cycle. According to Kandula (2006, p. 11), performance management is the result of utilita rian instrumentalism, which means it encourages hiring human resource at the lowest cost, retaining employees as long as they are useful, and termination of the contract if it is not anymore effective. Organizational culture plays a critical role in the development of performance management in an organization. Organizations with a supportive or collaborative culture have the chance of developing performance management processes that share information about improving employee performance. A reward system may create a desired performance rather than a punitive system which may result in unsatisfactory performance. (Micklitsch & Ryan-Mitlyng, 1996, p. 18) Performance management includes all possible initiatives managers undertake to have high performance among employees. These initiatives focus on giving performance appraisal, rewards and recognition to motivate high performance (Heslin, Carson, & VandeWalle, p. 89). Performance appraisal is almost similar to the principle of performan ce management. Many organizations of today are still applying the traditional method of performance management, i.e. ‘the maintenance-oriented, regulatory and administrative human resource management’ (Kandula, 2006, p. 11). This is a barrier to the application of performance management practices. There is a resistance on the part of the employees, and it can slow down the

Ethical Dilemma Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilemma Executive Summary - Essay Example It is something which is very common in public sector and law enforcement firms, yet as a responsible citizen and police officer it is my duty to take necessary actions to stop this practice. As I am transferred to the current police department only recently, I must not show impatience in reporting the misconduct done by any colleague/police officer. I will secretly collect necessary facts and gather the past records of that officer on my own. I will wait till the time I have strong evidence that supports my claim. However, since that officer has strong connections and has established goodwill and PR among influential people while on the other hand, I have not yet built the integrity and trust which is required to challenge an experienced officer. Therefore, in this case I have several options: I will find out the name and designation of his immediate supervisor or the person whom he reports to; and I will quietly collect his/her views about bribery. I can send an anonymous letter to the internal affairs office of the police department which is responsible to carry out investigation about any misconduct or police abuse. Many countries have state police posts that can be used to report the cases of corruption. However, in case there is extreme violation of law, I will have to take serious actions by reporting anonymously to public safety board which deals with officer’s disciplinary actions and police corruption. Otherwise, I will try to find local FBI near my department from their official website i.e. http://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm. If the issue is not yet resolved then I will write an anonymous letter to the editor of the local newspaper and will send him/her the police disciplinary records because when media is involved serious efforts are made by concerned authorities to investigate the claims of corruption and breach of employment code of conduct. The professional implications of police reporting can be very serious especially when one is repo rting against some big fishes of the police department. In such situation following consequences may occur: If my name is revealed, my job will be at risk or perhaps I will be transferred to some other department/city. I may receive threats and the security of my family can be endangered. Police officer can send me behind the bars by putting false accusations against me or due to some false disciplinary charges. There are two ways to deal with these consequences; first is to report the corruption claims to the most trusted authority that ensures that my identity will not be revealed under any circumstance. Second condition is to challenge on the basis of strong evidence, public support and recordings of victims. Some countries use the tactic of â€Å"mystery audit† in which some senior police officials or people from investigating agencies disguise as common people and go to the police department for filing a complaint. They talk to the officers who are the suspects of corrup tion and create a situation of offering bribe or gifts. If officer(s) accept the bribe then the suspect is caught red handed. This method is very successful for conducting unbiased investigation. On the other hand, the liabilities of not reporting such acts are much greater than the consequences of reporting those acts. When an officer breaches the law, its impacts are not seen on the individual or departmental level only, rather it affects the whole system. The rights of the

Explain How Each Sector of Industry Essay Example for Free

Explain How Each Sector of Industry Essay Explain how each sector of industry is linked together within a supply chain? In todays world, supply chain management (SCM) is a key strategic factor for increasing organizational effectiveness and for better realization of organizational goals such as enhanced competitiveness, better customer care and increased profitability. Today, most of the enterprises of a supply chain operate independently. For example, marketing, distribution, production planning, manufacturing, and the purchasing organizations have their own objectives and these objectives are often conflicting. This way of functioning prevents the enterprises from providing the right products to the right customers at the right time. All these organizations are individually efficient enterprises, but they lack coordination to produce required end results. A supply chain can be described as a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, delivery, and sale of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition. Supply chains are all about linkages. A supply chain is only as strong as its weakest link. Whenever a chain breaks, it usually does at the weakest link. In a supply chain there are many interfaces (links), and problems develop at these interfaces. The best way to overcome these problems is to, manage the supply chain efficiently. This helps the organizations to act and not react to the unexpected changes in the market situations. In the case of IKEA, the supply chain involves a flow of production and processes through each of the three industrial sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. Specifically, the various stages of the process are raw materials in the primary stage, manufacturing in the secondary stage, distribution and retailing services in the tertiary stage. In the primary stage, IKEA works closely with its primary sector suppliers to ensure that it is receiving sustainable and environmentally friendly raw materials. IKEA designs its own products and throughout this process makes sure that the impact on the environment is minimised. The firm uses a tool called the â€Å"e-wheel† to measure the environmental impact of products. This looks at resources, production, use and recycling for each product. Around half of IKEA? s products are made of wood. This is a good source of material as it is recyclable and renewable. Other production processes which help support sustainability include tables made from recycled plastic, rugs made from off-cuts, products made to stack for more efficient transportation. IKEA works with suppliers to reduce waste or use waste products in further manufacture. To help it has a Code of Conduct called the IKEA Way (IWAY). In the secondary stage, IKEA creates its products from raw materials. During this stage, IKEA also created added value for its products with the utilization of the smallest amount of resources. The IWAY Code also helps manufacturers by making sure that they apply sustainable principles. It also insists that they follow laws, health and safety requirements and do not employ child labour. It states that materials from non-sustainable sources should not be used. The Code raises standards for all concerned. IKEA also works with other organisations to support the Code. These include children’s charity UNICEF and the World Wildlife Fund. In the tertiary stage, IKEA does not use raw materials nor create its products. IKEA’s retail stores add value to manufactured goods by providing a form of shopping different to the usual high-street experience. IKEA has more than 260 shops in 36 countries set up to provide a retail experience that meets consumer needs. Stores are large and customers can pick their own purchases. Further services are provided through the IKEA catalogue and home delivery. IKEA also has set up initiatives to support sustainability within the company by aiming to recycle up to 90% of its waste, removing carrier bags from its stores, subsidising public transport and encouraging cycling (with a new bike given to each employee), giving low-energy light bulbs for employees, using only hybrid vehicles as company cars. Within a supply chain, every sector must be well connected. It means that the upstream and the downstream can not be separated in order to meet the market demand in any situation. The three sectors mentioned earlier within IKEA supply chain are well connected. IKEA uses excellent supply chain concepts, reducing and eliminating wastes at every stage and hence can offer good value to customers. The IKEA’s supply chain is a complete process that can match together the suppliers, the manufacturer and the customers. With the support of the primary sector, IKEA can sustainably produce high quality products and sufficient quantities to meet the market demand at the lowest cost. The tertiary sector helps IKEA go further to create added value for customers, bringing about a close and sustainable relationship with the customers. IKEA’s supply chain strategy to connect the three sectors closely proves that it aims to act out and become a global giant in the industry.

Using Alternative Materials In A Racing Car Engineering Essay

Using Alternative Materials In A Racing Car Engineering Essay Materials play a very important role in functioning of any Machine. The idea of using alternative materials in a racing car is often an option used by the designers to improve the overall performance of the car. But the growing research on new materials creates confusion for the Racing car designers. The failure of material plays the most significant role in any kind of loss in a racing car. Engineers design the car and select the material in such a way that, the materials is able to cope with all the forces acting on the car and also weigh as less as possible. The overall weight of the car is dependent on the properties of the materials. In this report an effort is made to identify these materials used in the current Formula 1 cars and suggest alternatives, which shall provide us a solution for the material selection criteria considering the cost, availability, environmental effect in manufacturing parts from this materials and also end of life issues of these materials. In this rep ort we are going to review the work done till the end of May on this project. An overview of the current materials used and the reasons for the selection materials for the various components of the formula 1 car is briefly described in this report. Introduction: Formula 1 is one of the most rapidly developing sport, as far as research and development is concerned. New technologies are discovered and used on the car every year in order to win the races. Materials are also an option for the designers to get the weight distribution of the car as desired. The weight of the car is dependent on the materials used for construction. FIA has its regulations on the minimum weight of the car that is 605 kg for the 2010 season. But using exotic materials designers can design the car for about 450 500 kgs. And the rest is used by ballast for improving the weight distribution of the car. Materials selection for a formula 1 car is one of the most significant decisions for the designer. It also reflects the sustainability of the materials with respect to environmental concerns. The four main factors upon which the designers relies when considering materials choice are the relationship between materials specifications and technical performance of the product, the economic performance of the product, the environmental performance of the product the practice of industrial design embedded in the product and its Functionality as told by Clark and Ashby. In formula 1 because of the high budgets the economic issue is not really big atleast with the major teams. Thus the designer has the liberty to use as exotic material as he wants for achieving the minimum weight of the car. Critical components such as engine, suspension, brakes, and wheels play a major part in the performance of the car. The materials to be selected for these components need a deep research on the forces and temperatures achieved in these parts. Reducing the overall weight of the car is not difficult. Designers achieve the overall weight of the car well below the minimum specified FIA limit. The main achievement for the designers is to get the overall weight distribution. But apart from these performance issues there are many other issues which need directive. FIA has banned certain materials such as non ferrous alloys and Berillium alloys for Health and Safety requirements. But because F1 is a glamorous sport with high budgets and speed, environmental concern due to materials used is least analysed. It is very important, that the materials to be used in the sport should be environmental friendly considering the LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS, RECYCLING and THE AVAILABLITY OF THE MATERIALS IN FUTURE, etc. In this project an effort is made to analyse the current materials used with respect to these environmental issues and suggest alternatives. This project particularly aims at the F1 industry for the selection of alternative materials for specific components which can benefit them further. Use of CES software will be done, which is industry Standard software to select materials depending on their particular application of components. Although this project is more of a research project the outcomes from the project can be used for future F1 industry and also to the high end Motor industry as well as other motorsport sectors. The project aims at providing industry relevant solutions via research on the current materials being used and also on the future materials that can be used. With the help of the CES software we will be trying to find materials which can meet the requirements of the components and then with literature obtained from the books and journals we shall try to figure out the best possible materials for the use. Objectives: The Objectives of the project are shown below. Identification of some of the most critical parts in an F1 car. The functions of each critical component analysed in the car. Find the materials currently used for each component in the F1 industry. Use CES package based on function of component to determine alternative material for the same purpose. Evaluate materials against existing materials in terms of performance, cost and manufacturing feasibility, end of life issues and recycling. To produce a report that can act as a reference for selection of materials for F1 applications. Background: Formula 1 is the only automotive sport which brings revolutionary changes to the field of automotive racing. Over a period of years Formula1 has provided numerous technologies and advances in the field. The use of light weight aluminium back in 1970s to use of Carbon fibre in mid 1980s in the field of automotive racing, all was introduced by Formula 1. Thus it can be said that Formula 1 has a big influence over the automotive industry in terms of technologies. But sometimes, certain advantages can be gained similarly at a fairly less cost or by using materials which causes less damage to the environment. Also there is further a scope for the designers to further improve their car based on the performance provided by the materials used to make the car. Structure of report: In this report we will be covering the topics finished by now and a brief discussion of the work to be done in near future. Every topic of the report shall cover the objectives in parts. The critical parts of the car, their function and the materials currently used have been finished till now. These topics will be further explained in details. 2.0. Literature Review: 2.1. Introduction: F1 is developing rapidly, with increasing competition for higher performance and energy efficiency, new materials and processing techniques are required to underpin these developments. [5]. and also because of the industrial recession the competition has further intensified and the importance of selection of materials has grown even further more. The need for recognition of function of a component in order to provide the most technically advanced as well as economic means of meeting this functional requirements is becoming more vital, so that there can be a better communication between the design engineer and materials engineer. [4]. in todays world we have more materials then even before and thus the scope of innovation is immense. But in order to make this innovation a standard procedure is required which we are going to follow in this project. [2]. The references which exist on such a specific study tend to focus on individual material for a particular job. [1]. in this project I would like to count all the eligible materials for the various tasks and then compare them without limiting the factual data on each subject. Particularly in F1 there are mandatory rules and regulations which every racing team has to follow. Hence there is very little to choose from. [1]. But it is also very important to know how much of environmental effect this materials cause whilst in production. There are many materials which provide the optimum properties, but at a very high price. And there are many materials which provide less properties but at a very low price as compared. But as we know that in formula 1 cost is not the priority, performance is the main priority. [6]. Thus the materials selected should not sacrifice the performance in fact increase the performance at the same time trying to reduce the cost. In the initial days the chassis were made of steel, later it was made of aluminium. But now they are made out of carbon fibre and honeycomb material. [6]. and thus, as the time progresses the overall weight of car is decreasing, and at the same time performance is increasing. Thus the need is to decrease the weight and increase the performance. And as the technology progresses this need for lighter and more efficient materials further increases. [3]. 2.2. A brief overview of materials: 2.2.1. Aluminium and its alloys: Aluminium is one of the most common materials to be used in the Automotive Industry, as some of aluminium alloys provide tensile strength superior to those of low carbon steels at same time weigh 1/3 the weight of steel. 2024 is the primary structural aluminium alloy and has exceptional strength and stability at high temperature. It was exclusively used for Disc brake top hats and for aluminium flywheels. At high operating temperatures in the disc and the flywheels, 2024 is the most suitable aluminium alloy. 6061-T6 extrusions are used for joining pieces and for corners, most of the brackets are fabricated from this aluminium alloy. 7075 is the strongest and the stiffest of the commonly available aluminium alloys. It is the most suitable aluminium alloy for machining and is very commonly used for bushings, spacers, and machined suspension components as steering arms, antiroll bar and any straight suspension links. 2.2.2. Magnesium: For a low budget team Magnesium can be considered as the most common and strongest material. It has very good mechanical properties and stiffness. Magnesium alloys are considered to be the best suitable material for machining as compared to other metal materials. It possesses exceptional welding, forging and casting characteristic. It is also a very low density material. But Magnesium has a very high risk of fire. In the form of dust or powder, magnesium is a very dangerous material. Because of this the FIA has banned the use of Magnesium for particular uses. Magnesium also has a tendency to corrode form inside when exposed to salty air. Thus racing at the race tracks like monoco where the track is near the sea. Chances of corrosion are very high. With such high budgets, precision and accuracy, such a chance of using magnesium is avoided. 2.2.3. Titanium: From the past couple of decades, titanium has been the ace of material for race car designers. It delivers the strength of high alloy steels and the weight of aluminium. Even though the price of titanium is very high, as discussed before in Formula1cost is not issue and hence titanium is highly suitable. Oxides of titanium comprise about 0.5% of the earths crust thus making Titanium an exotic material. Titanium is exclusively used for making Forged hubs, brake disc top hats, tubular and sheet suspension linkage fabrications, threaded fasteners and Exhaust systems. Titanium is very resistant to Fatigue from vibration. Commercially pure titanium is probably the best bet for manufacturing F1 components. The exhaust made out of titanium are considerably lighter than 321 stainless steel and infinitely lighter than mild steel at the same time very much stronger at elevated temperatures and virtually fatigue proof. 2.2.4. Honeycomb material: Honey comb material is a fairly old material to be used in Motorsport industry. It was first used in 1950s. Honeycomb sandwich materials are generally composed of aluminium face skins bonded to a core of Hexagonal shaped formed from aluminium foil. It forms continuous shear webs between the face skins, resulting in light panels of exceptional stiffness which are capable of carrying extreme loads with very little deflection. The importance of honey comb was realised after 1966 when Ford used it in historic victory at the Le Mans in its MARK IV which was later called as Ford GT. Aluminium honeycomb installed with the cells longitudinally oriented makes the most efficient energy absorbing structure. But as time has progressed, aluminium honeycomb is replaced by fibreglass honeycomb. The advantages of this new hybrid honeycomb over aluminium honey comb are as follows. Composite face skins of honeycomb structure tend to localize the impact damage and also are very easy to repair. Hybrid honey comb has good characteristics for machining. Hybrid honeycomb material is corrosion proof, non flammable and nontoxic. Hence even by health and safety standards along with high strength and stiffness, they have replaced the traditional aluminium honeycomb material. 2.2.5. Composite materials: The use of high strength lightweight composite materials has brought a revolution in use of materials in industry. The era of composite materials in F1 was started by the McLarens team. They had formed the first formula 1 tub from a composite sandwich composed of face skins of aluminium sheet bonded to the core of edge grained BALSA wood called MALLITE. This resulted in a tub structure with high torsional stiffness. Composite materials are not new to the field of engineering. They were discovered way before the time. It is nothing but a combination of two or materials to form a third material with desired characteristics. Composite materials consist of fibres or filaments of an element whose fibres exhibit high tensile strength and lack rigidity. For instance, even wood is a composite material. The most common used composite material in todays world of Formula 1 is Carbon fibre. More than 95% of the McLarens F1 car is constructed in high performance advanced carbon epoxy composite ma terial. A formula 1 car consists of many components whose duty ranges. The bodywork required a very low mass and moderate stiffness material to the survival cell which requires an extremely high stiffness structure. This requirement is best fulfilled by the composite material. The composites used in F1 are supplied in prepreg form and they need to be vacuum bagged and then cured in an autoclave. This product then needs manual trimming and machining, and boding in order to form the final product. Thus we can say that the process is rather a labour intensive, time consuming and very expensive process. F1 is an industry where low volume and extremely high quality product is desired with huge budgets. Composite materials just fit right in the situation for a F1 car designer. Fibreglass is an example of a composite material which is not exactly expensive as compared to other composite materials. But it has a disadvantage of brittleness and is comparatively heavy. 2.3. Factors governing the Selection of materials in future: In a high end motorsport such as formula 1 there are numerous factors which need to be addressed while selecting a material. The sport as always is at the pinnacle of performance, but not environmentally. There are certain environmental factors which needs special attention and are briefly discussed in this topic. 2.3.1. Life cycle analysis. (LCA). Life cycle analysis is basically evaluation of a material throughout its life span. Life cycle analysis evaluates the material right from its manufacture to the recycling of the material. Evaluation is made on the basis of CO2 emissions, energy and cost of materials. Life cycle analysis will be a main consideration for all the materials to be selected in the future [1]. Because we are aiming at the F1 industry, where mass production is not the main concern, life cycle analysis will help us in comparing the materials which cost the minimum and would be low on energy and emissions throughout its life. The figure below shows the whole life cycle analysis process. Figure 1: life cycle analysis process. Figure 2: total life cycle assessment. Composite materials are very effective in terms of weight reduction [9]. But in terms of life cycle analysis more research is to be carried out about the effect of manufacturing and recycling composite materials [6]. We have some data regarding it. Some research papers conclude that materials like Balsa core and PVC foam sandwich has far better life cycle results as compared to super steel. 2.3.2. Recycling: When we consider composites in terms of recycling, the composite waste is a very interesting and in some ways very difficult. Composite waste consists of polymer with high performance, but it contains only 50-80% of recoverable energy of the polymer. Hence we can say that composite materials are better as recovered material rather than recovered energy. Also as per the research, long fibre waste has more useful characteristics when compared to short fibre composite waste. The most important factor for recycling of composite materials is the orientation of the fibre after it has been used. There are several techniques already invented for recycling of materials such as, Mechanical processing, thermal processing, fluidised bed process, pyrolysis processes etc [4]. It is therefore estimated that in the future there will be many more processes that shall be invented in order to reduce the landfill and the material wasted. These are the two main environmental issues which needs attention when selecting materials. Even thought they are not an essential part while selecting the material, as performance is the most important need in F1, it needs some attention to make the sport environmental friendly. 2.3.3. Safety Factors: It is very important that the material which is selected for the use in F1 cars is 100% a safe material and should not possess any danger even in the event of a high speed accident. The materials should not be poisonous in any form and also should not react with other materials. Because F1 is a high speed sport, it is very necessary that the material selected should be complied with high strength requirements of F1. 2.4. The critical components of Formula 1 car to be assessed in this project. 2.4.1. Engine: The FIA has many rules and regulations specifying the use of materials in the construction of an engine. The following the regulations. 1]. Minimum weight of 95 kg should be there for each 2.4 litre v8 engine. 2]. Engine blocks should be constructed from Forged aluminium alloys for weight reduction in comparison to steel. 3]. to limit the costs, FIA has banned the use of non ferrous materials in Engine block. 4]. Magnesium based alloys, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) and Intermetallic materials may not be used anywhere in an engine. 5]. Coatings are free provided the total coating thickness does not exceed 25% of the section thickness of the underlying base material in all axes. 6]. in all cases the relevant coating must not exceed 0.8mm. 7]. Pistons must be manufactured from an aluminium alloy which is either Al-Si; Al-Cu; Al-Mg or Al-Zn based. 8]. Piston pins, crankshafts and camshafts must be manufactured from an iron based alloy and must be machined from a single piece of material. Thus selecting a material for the engine has relatively less choices. In 1998 Mercedes Benz tried to use Berillium alloys in their engines. This gave them an additional advantage of weight loss and drastic performance gain. This also led Mikka Hakkinen to win the world title 2 times consecutively. But later FIA decided that Berillium alloys were too poisonous in large quantities and thus banned the use of it. Thus using the right materials at the very right place is what makes F1 engines so interesting for the designers. As Senior General Manager Engine Luca Marmorini of the Toyota Panasonic team said, In the engine we use almost every kind of material you can on a Formula 1 car, for example you can see aluminium made with complex casting techniques but you also see carbon material. It is very important to keep the centre of gravity of the engine very low so we tend to put the very light parts on the upper part and the heavy parts on the bottom. The exact materials used by the formula1 teams for year 2010 are given in the results and discussion section. http://a5.vox.com/6a00c22521b9fc549d00d4144481ad6a47-500pi Figure 3: F1 Engine block. 2.4.2. Bodywork: This is a very important part of an F1 car. The materials used for bodywork basically define the weight of the car. Over the years numerous materials have been tried on the bodywork of the F1 car. All the light and ultra strong materials are basically revolutionized after they have been used on an F1 car. The materials to be used here should possess the property of being very strong, light in weight and ability to transform in to the required shape which shall give the aerodynamic edge. In the 1960 light weight aluminium was the solution to bodywork. But then Aluminium honeycomb material was developed which was effectively used for another decade along ultra light aluminium sheets. But then in the mid 1980s carbon fibre was discovered. Initially it was only used by the high budget teams as the cost was too high at that time. But then as the time progressed, the price of carbon fibre has decreased considerably and thus used for about 80% of the construction of the car by almost every team. Honey comb structures are still used to meet the safety requirements. http://lotusenthusiast.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/F1R2.jpg Figure 4: F1 2010 Bodywork. 2.4.3. Fuel tanks: Fuel tank is a component of the car which needs exclusive safety features. They should weigh as less as possible, just like any other F1 component, but at the same time should be very strong and 100% leak proof. FIA has strong regulations on the manufacture of fuel tanks. They need to leak proof even in the case of accidents and designer need it to strategically placed, as it carries the weight of the fuel which can disturb the weight distribution of the car. Nowadays the fuel tanks are manufactured from a composite of Kevlar and rubber in F1, unlike aluminium welded fuel tanks in other low end motor racing. The combination of Kevlar and rubber provides an ultra light weight fuel tank which is very strong as well as puncture proof. The detail of manufacturer and composition is given in the results and discussion section. http://wheelnutsjournal.typepad.com/.a/6a0120a5145462970b0120a8cb6ecf970b-800wi Figure 5: ATL Fuel tank of 2010 F1 car. 2.4.4. Brakes: As we know this is one component of the formula 1 car where absolutely no compromise are allowed. A good braking car can result in 10% lap time savings. Thus the materials needed for brakes also need to be light, strong, withstand high temperatures and provide as much as friction possibly allowable for maximum braking. Cooling is a very important factor to be considered when selecting the brakes. There are certain materials which can withstand high temperatures but then struggle to cool down. This can prove to be very costly at end laps of the race. To avoid the problem of cooling, brake ducts are introduced on the cars. This allows simultaneous cooling of the brakes. Carbon fibre shield is used all round the brakes to avoid the heat transfer from brakes to wheel rims. Team like Red bull use the advanced technique of rapid prototyping materials. The big advantage of rapid prototyping is to eliminate the labour of making mould and thus saving time. From the olden days where steel brakes where used, to recent times where Carbon ceramic brake pads are used as the main force for braking. These are very high friction materials and provide the desired braking. Toro Rosso STR3 brake system Figure 6: Ferrari 2009 F1 Brakes of front right. 2.4.5. Wheel rims: Wheel rims rotate at a very high speed. Also high temperatures are achieved within the wheel rim. Thus the material to be selected needs to fulfil both the requirements as well as weigh minimum. The material selected which comes in contact with the tyre also influences the contact patch area between the tyre and the road surface. The FIA regulations state that the wheel rims should be made from single metal flow. This is very necessary and critical from strength point of view. Also there are no regulations on specific materials to be used. Wheel rims are basically manufactured by a company and then supplied to the individual F1 teams. In the recent times, Magnesium alloy is the best suitable material for the construction wheel rims. click to zoom Figure 7: Ferrari 2010 F1 Front right Wheel Rim. 2.4.6. Gear box: The gear box in a F1 car is similar to that of the road car in terms of functions and basic operations. But in an F1 car the gear box has to transfer nearly about 900 BHP to the rear wheels. These needs very strong clutch and Gearbox. Also the weight of the gearbox is very critical. The clutch of an F1 gear box just weighs close to 1.5 kgs, which is like 2-3 times lighter of that of a road car. Also the cover of the gear box casing is made from carbon fibre. Since the gear box is such a critical component of the car, special and exotic materials needs to be used which can satisfy the high demand of speed and temperatures achieved in the gear box. Gear box is a complex component in terms of construction and hence the materials to be used for it needs special ability of machining to the fine tolerance and shapes required. The figure below illustrated the complexity of shape and tolerance to be achieved in a gear box. http://v4admin.sportnetwork.net/upload/491/491_0_1210265553.jpg Figure 8: BMW SAUBER 2005 F1 Gearbox. 2.4.7. Suspension: Formula 1 suspension requires incredibly high stiffness at the same time high strength to withstand the bumps overcome by the car at speed of 200 mph. It is a very important component of the car as it directs the car understeer and oversteer characteristics. Also some high end formula team consider the aerodynamic forces due to the suspension linkage. Thus the materials to be selected for a Formula 1 cars suspension also need to fulfil the characteristics of machinability to the required aerodynamic shape along with very high stiffness and strength. Carbon fibre is proven to be a material with extremely high stiffness with very little weight and thus is used in the suspension of a F1 car. In the past times light weight aluminium was used for the suspension but did not prove to be as effective. Some designers have also tried using titanium for the suspension. But use titanium mainly depends on the budget of the team as it is a very exotic material as discovered before. The materials u sed by the F1 teams for 2010 season for suspension are further discussed in the results and discussion topic. The figure below demonstrates the suspension on a F1 car. http://www.virtualr.net/wp-content/gallery/1349/suspension21.jpg Figure 9: F1 suspension model. 2.5. Summary: Thus we have discussed the possible materials with their characteristics and past relevance to F1. The materials discussed are Aluminium, Magnesium, Titanium, Honeycomb material and Composite materials. We have also discussed the environmental factors such as Life cycle analysis and recycling to the safety factors required for the materials in order to be used in a high speed sport such as F1. Then finally we have discussed the components of the car which shall be taken into consideration for this project. They are Engine, bodywork, Fuel tank, Brakes, Wheel rims, Gearbox and suspension. The function and the criteria for the materials to be selected in this topic have been discussed briefly. 3.0. exPERIMENTAL / NUMERICAL METHODOLOGY A brief description of all the materials that can be considered for using in a Formula 1 car along with their structural properties is explained in the table exhibited below. The values of these structural properties of the materials are used to determine the materials to be used for the specified part. Also the cost of the materials is provided to check if the material is within the budget. Youngs Shear Breaking Fracture Thermal Cost Density Modulus Modulus Poissons Yield Stress UTS strain Toughness Expansion 3 -3/2 -6 MATERIAL Type ($/kg) ( Ã‚ ² ,Mg/m ) (E , GPa) (G , GPa) Ratio ( Ã‚ ® ) ( Ã‚ ³ Y , Mpa) ( Ã‚ ³ f ,Mpa) ( Ã‚ ¥ f , %) (K c ,MN m ) ( Ã‚ ¡ ,10 /C) Alumina (Al2O3) c 1.90 3.9 390 125 0.26 4800 35 0.0 4.4 8.1 Aluminium alloy (7075-T6) m 1.80 2.7 70 28 0.34 500 570 12 28 33 Beryllium alloy m 315.00 2.9 245 110 0.12 360 500 6.0 5.0 14 Bone (compact) n 1.90 2.0 14 3.5 0.43 100 100 9.0 5.0 20 Brass (70Cu30Zn, annealed) m 2.20 8.4 130 39 0.33 75 325 70.0 80 20 Cermets (Co/WC) ct 78.60 11.5 470 200 0.30 650 1200 2.5 13 5.8 CFRP Laminate (graphite) ct 110.00 1.5 1.5 53 0.28 200 550 2.0 38 12 Copper alloys m 2.25 8.3 135 50 0.35 510 720 0.3 94 18 Cork n 9.95 0.18 0.032 0.005 0.25 1.4 1.5 80 0.074 180 Epoxy thermoset p 5.50 1.2 3.5 1.4 0.25 45 45 4.0 0.50 60 GFRP Laminate (glass) ct 3.90 1.8 26 10 0.28 125 530 2.0 40 19 Glass (soda) c 1.35 2.5 65 26 0.23 3500 35 0.0 0.71 8.8 Granite c 3.15 2.6 66 26 0.25 2500 60 0.1 1.5 6.5 Ice (H2O) c 0.23 0.92 9.1 3.6 0.28 85 6.5 0.0 0.11 55 Lead alloys m 1.20 11.

Distress and Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Distress and Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetic Patients The present study measured the Distress and Quality of life of type II diabetic patients-of the two groups, group 1 and Group 2. It also assessed the correlation between Distress and Quality of life and their subdivisions such as, the correlation between Distress, emotional distress, physician distress, regimen distress, interpersonal distress; Quality of life, energy and mobility, diabetes control, anxiety and worry, sexual functioning and social burdens using Pearson’s correlation. This study also measured the difference in Distress and Quality of Life between group 1 and group 2. The first objective of the present study was to measure the Distress and Quality of life in type II Diabetic patients. This was done by using two scales, Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS17) and Diabetes 39 (D39). The frequencies and normal distribution of Distress among group 1 and group 2 shown in Figure 1 portray that there is high Distress among the participants in group 1 than in group 2; where high score indicate high Distress. Similar findings were found in a study done by Fisher, Skaff, Mullan, Arean, Glasgow Masharani (2008), an increase in distress upto 60% was present over a period of time. In Figure 2, the frequencies and normal distribution of Quality of life of group 1 and group 2 were shown which portrays that group 2 has higher Quality of Life than group 1, where low score represents high Quality of life. The second objective was to find if there exists a correlation between Distress and Quality of Life. Research review shows that there was a significant relationship between Distress Quality of life (Wu, Huang, Liang, Wang, Lee Tung, 2011). Owing to the scoring pattern, the present study showed similar results with a positive correlation between the scores of Distress and Quality of life i.e., higher score of Distress and high score of Quality of Life. However, it is to be interpreted as a negative relationship between distress and quality of life as is implied by their scoring pattern, where higher scores in distress represents higher distress whereas higher scores in quality of life represents lower Quality of life. Thus, it may be interpreted that higher the Distress, lower the Quality of Life and there was a relation established between higher Distress and Lower Quality of life. The third objective of the study was to find the difference between group 1 and group 2 of Distress and Quality of life, to find the difference between participants practicing faith based yoga as a complimentary intervention aside from the allopathy medications and participants just using the medication. There were many previous studies showing, certain management techniques have a great impact on controlling the blood sugar levels (Singh, Tandon Sharma, 2005). It was found that the Distress among group 1 was high compared to group 2. Same trend was demonstrated in all the dimensions of Distress such as emotional distress, physician distress, regimen distress and interpersonal distress. similar finding were reported by Sharma, Sen, Singh, Bharadwaj, Kochupillai Singh (2003), where type II Diabetic patients practicing sudarshana kriya were found to be experiencing low level of stress. Though both the groups differed significantly in all the dimensions of distress, the difference bet ween the groups was higher in the emotional distress dimension. As indicated by the earlier studies such as those by Snoek Polonsky (2000); Rock (2003); Pouwer (2009) that individuals diagnosed with Diabetes have emotional disturbances due to various reasons such as medication, frequent visits to hospital, comorbid conditions of Diabetes etc. Going by the dimensions of Distress, high Distress was found to be in the dimensions of Emotional Distress, followed by regimen distress, physician distress and interpersonal distress in group 1. As there was a correlation seen between Distress and Quality of life, the same was reflected in the results where group 2 had better Quality of life than group 1, where high score represents low Quality of life. Going by the dimensions, group 2 had higher Quality of life in the dimensions of energy and mobility, social burdens, diabetes control, sexual functioning and anxiety and worry. This is in accordance to the previous finding which state that there was an improvement in the Quality of life in people diagnosed with type II Diabetes who were practicing yogic breathing techniques, sudarshana kriya and pranayama (Jyothsna, Joshi, Ambedkar, Kumar, Dhawan Sreenivas, 2012). The complimentary management technique use not only gives the patients physical relaxation but it also gives them the psychological relaxation. Hence, they might act upon the lowering of Distress and higher Quality of Life of the patient. This complimentary technique gives physical, psychological as well as social outcomes. Physical outcomes are described by medical literature in multiple ways. Psychological outcomes are seen in terms of relaxation and as seen in the outcomes of lowered distress and enhanced quality of life. Togetherness with people with similar diagnosis doing an effort to manage the disease condition might contribute to the social angle. Thus, the complimentary management technique used by the group in the present study seems to have contributed effectively as indicated by low Distress and better Quality of life and their dimensions. The importance of Art of living in decreasing the Distress and enhancing the Quality of Life has been understood. Many studies have also kept forward their view on the benefits a person could achieve following Faith based yoga. As mentioned earlier by many of the physicians across the globe, Faith based yoga can be an effective intervention complimenting the allopathy medicine. Therefore, this study can contribute to the existing studies supporting this view where people can decrease their Distress and enhance their Quality of life and their dimensions to effectively control Diabetes. Shortcomings and future directions The major shortcoming of this study is the sample size, larger sample would have provided better representation of the characteristics of the population. Another major shortcoming of this study was administering the scales in group (in the Art of living centres), this could have prompted the participants to give socially desirable responses. Future recommendations of this study would be to compare the participants practicing Art of living above 10 years and below 10 years, this would give more insight on the long term effects of practicing Art of Living. Future research may also be conducted comparing the impact of various forms of Faith based yoga such as Brahma kumaries, Christian Yoga, Vipasana etc. on type II Diabetic patients. Study would have yielded clearer results if there was a pre and post interventional design. That is measurement of Distress and Quality of Life on participants before they practiced Faith based yoga and after practicing the same for a considerable period o f time such as one year or more. This would have yielded a clear effect of faith based yoga. Further research may be conducted in this direction.

Johnny Tremain :: essays research papers

Setting   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston Massachusetts around (1773 to 1775). Revolutionary War era.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characters   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnny Lyte Tremain Young boy who’s mother died when he was young, apprenticed to a silversmith named Mr. Lapham. Main character in the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Lapham A silversmith that Johnny is apprenticing. He is a good silversmith but he cannot remember his orders very well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mrs. Lapham Johnny’s foster mother. She provides Johnny with room and board while he is shadowing Mr. Lapham.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cilla Lapham Third daughter out of four in the Lapham family. She is the nicest to Johnny. She is constantly taking care of her younger sister Isannah.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isannah Lapham Fourth daughter in the Lapham family. She was the rudest to Johnny. Cilla had to take care of her because she was so small and sickly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rab Johnny’s closest friend. A couple of years older than Johnny, he worked for the Boston Observer printing newspapers. Rab helps Johnny throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dusty & Dove Boys who were also apprenticed out to Mr. Lapham. Johnny was better at everything. The two boys got stuck with the worst jobs and did not like Johnny for being so good as a silversmith. Dove was mean to Johnny because Johnny was so bossy toward the both of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul Revere A local Boston silversmith known for his great work. He was kind and generous. He was a member of the secretive â€Å"Observers† club at the Boston Observer. He is a Whig.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John & Samuel Adams Local Whigs, highly recognized men in Boston. They are also part of the â€Å"Observers† club.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Merchant Jonathan Lyte A very prosperous merchant who is kin to Johnny. He is very dishonest and steals from Johnny. He wants nothing to do with Johnny.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lavinia Lyte Merchant Lyte’s daughter. She is very beautiful and men like her a lot. Johnny likes her. She is sort of rude to Johnny in the beginning but in the end, she becomes very nice to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Hancock Another well respected man in Boston. He is a local Whig and is also a member of the â€Å"Observers† Club.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Lorne Johnny’s new master after his hand was severely injured at the Lapham’s silvershop. He is very kind and allows Johnny to deliver papers by horseback. Mr. Lorne is the writer and publisher of the Boston Observer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pumpkin A British Redcoat who befriended Johnny. In the end Johnny tries to help him escape from being a soldier and he is caught and killed for treason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Stranger A British General Who helped Johnny with his horse riding skills. Johnny helps him by taking care of his horses.

Gillian by Laurel Oke Logan :: Gillian

Gillian by Laurel Oke Logan      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book I read was Gillian, written by Laurel Oke Logan. This book is about a girl who has just graduated from high school and is in the process of looking for a job.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gillian has just graduated from high school.   She is so thrilled to go to college and can not wait.   Well the day comes when she is to leave for college.   She and her friends are going to have so much fun.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the years pass by she is doing very well in her classes, and before she knows it, it is time for her to graduate from college.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After graduation Gillian went home to her parents house.   She was a little upset because she couldn't find a job and all of her friends had found jobs.   When Gillian told her father how she felt he told her that there was a woman who called him to see if she (Gillian) would be able and willing to work at this camp in Canada in the kitchen.   At first Gillian was very excited but when she began to think about it the whole idea scared her to death. Going off to a place outside of the United States where she had never been and leaving her family behind, she just didn't know if she could go through with it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A few days after debating about going she called the lady and got more information about it and she decided she would give it a try.   Gillian was to leave in about five days so her mother and she went to go buy the right clothes to wear in Canada and some other things she would need.   The day finally came for Gillian to leave. As Gillian, her family and friends went to her gate at the airport Gillian began to feel really nervous.   She said good-bye to her family and friends and then she went off.   The flight to Canada was very pleasant.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Gillian arrived at the camp she met some very interesting people. Jake was an older man and when Gillian started to get to know everybody and

Benito Mussolinis Rise and Fall to Power :: World War II History

Benito Mussolini's Rise and Fall to Power Benito Mussolini had a large impact on World War II. He wasn't always a powerful dictator though. At first he was a school teacher and a socialist journalist. He later married Rachele Guide and had 5 children. He was the editor of the Avanti, which was a socialist party newspaper in Milan. Benito Mussolini founded the Fasci di Combattimento on March of 1919. "This was a nationalistic, anti liberal, and anti socialist movement. This movement attracted mainly the lower middle class."1 Fascism was spreading across Europe. Mussolini was winning sympathy from King Victor Emmanuel III. Mussolini then threatened to march on Rome. This persuaded King Victor Emmanuel III to invite Mussolini to join a coalition, which strongly helped him gain more power. Benito Mussolini brought Austria on Germany's side by a formal alliance. "In 1937, he accepted a German alliance. The name of this alliance was the Anti Comntern Pact. On April 13, 1937 Benito Mussolini annexed Albania. He then told the British ambassador that not even the bribe of France and North Africa would keep him neutral."2 The British ambassador was appalled and dismayed. On May 28, 1937, Mussolini strongly gave thought to declaring war. He then attacked the Riviera across the Maritime. "On September 13, 1937 he opened an offensive into British-garrisoned Egypt from Libya."3 On October 4, 1937, while the offensive still seemed to promise success, Benito Mussolini met Adolf Hitler at the Brenner Pass, on their joint frontier. "The two of them discussed how the war in the Mediterranean, Britain's principal foothold outside its island base, might be turned to her decisive disadvantage. Hitler suggested to Mussolini that Spain might be coaxed on the axis side, thus giving Germany free use of the British Rock of Gibraltar, by offering Franco part of French North Africa, and that France might be persuaded to accept that concession by compensation with parts of British West Africa".4 Mussolini seemed enthusiastic and very understandable why this was the case, since this scheme included the gaining of Tunis, Corsica, and Nice (annexed by Napoleon III in 1860) from France. Hitler then hurried home to his house in Berlin to arrange visits to Franco and Petan. "Back in the capital Hitler created a letter to Stalin inviting Molotov, the Soviet Foreign Minister, to visit early, when Germany and the U.S.S.R. might then agree among themselves how to profit from Britain not having a defense.

Discriminatory Practice Essay

Infringement of rights: not respecting an individual’s rights and not letting them practice their culture. This can lead to individuals feeling devalued and very sad, which will affect their health. An example of this say for instance in a care home it was Eid and they was not allowed to celebrate it however all the other occasions were allowed, this would make an individual feel devalued and as if their needs or wants aren’t important, like their culture isn’t important this could lead to health problems as what they enjoy in their culture has been excluded and taken away from them. Covert use of power: hidden use of power to discriminate. This can lead health and social care professionals to treat someone differently from someone else. This means that a person may not get that same level of treatment, which may jeopardise their health and well-being. One example would be when people apply for job. Although one person may have the same experience and qualificati on as the other applicants they may not be shortlisted because of their skin colour, or sexuality etc. it’s harder to prove that covert discrimination is occurring but cases are regularly reported and is still happens. In a health and social care professional setting a health care worker may not give somebody the right medication at the right time, maybe due to the colour of their skin colour or their sexuality which they strongly feel opposed to. Overt use of power: openly using power to discriminate. This will have similar outcomes to covert abuse of power. However, if a person being treated notices that they are being discriminated against, it will have a negative impact on their recovery, their mental health issue to depression and it could make a negative impact on their recovery as they may worry about what they have even done in the first place to be getting this treatment. An example of over abuse of power could be if a health care worker tells a person they are too fat to live their 50s. Another example when a colleague is paid more than you, because of their gender, even though you are doing the same job with the same qualifications. It can also be found in the different treatment one person receives compared with another when there should be no difference at all. Prejudice: is prejudgment, or forming an opinion before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, cynical ideas about another individual, arising from a per son’s negative ideas about that person, usually unfavourable, judgments toward people or a person  because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality or other personal characteristics. For example, more than 700 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in 27 different countries were interviewed as part of International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes, 72 per cent of those interviewed said they felt the need to conceal their diagnosis. 64 per cent said the anticipation of discrimination stopped them applying for work, training or education programs and 55 per cent said it stopped them looking for a close relationship. In the health and social care sector could be care worker telling another care worker that he or she does not want to work with someone or get them over and done with as they don’t like them due to whatever reason may be. Stereotyping: assumptions made about an individual judged on their group, environment and it may not always be true and sometimes it is based on another persons or groups qualities and life, this is dangerous as it could make the service user feel depressed and mess them up mentally due to the ‘name callingâ⠂¬â„¢. For example, it may be a stereotype that Asian people love to eat rice. So according to this stereotype, if you are Asian, that automatically means that you will unconditionally love to eat rice. This can already show that generalizations made from stereotypes are not the most reliable to base your judgement on. Typically racial and ethnic group stereotypes come from some degree of prejudice thought. In a health and social care area this may occur when a health care worker sees a dark skinned black man and instantly think he is a thug so they chose not to assist them and move them on to someone else. Labelling: Labelling people refers to a form of prejudice and discrimination where a person allocates names to people on the basis of nationality, religion, ethnicity, gender, or some other group. Labelling of people represents a way of differentiating and identifying people. This practice is normally conducted on minority groups. For example, if you label someone who is wearing black as a Goth, you will assume them to be a depressing and dark-minded person, when in fact they might not be at all. This can lead to prejudice and discrimination. Labelling is basically a combination of all the other three things you have listed in your question, and is the ultimate form of ignorance and assumption. In the health and social care profession you need to be aware of this tendency to label people. Labelling thoughts may come into your head  and everyone has these types of thoughts but it’s what you do with them that are important. By becoming aware of your labelling thoughts, you can control them and stop them interfering with your work. Another example in the health and social setting is if a care worker was having a conversation with another care worker and referring a service user as the ‘bimbo’ just because of the colour of their hair such as blond this would be labelling and it would distress the user. Bullying: Bullying is a persistent attempt to hurt or humiliate someone, it is a repeated action and deliberately hurtful. The person bullying is more powerful than the person bullied, making it hard for those being bullied to defend them. Bullying can occur in many different forms. It can be physical (hitting, pushing, and damaging others’ property); it can be verbal (name-calling, threats) or social (excluding someone, spreading rumours). Bullying is not only between children and not only in schools; can it happen at home, in organisations, at work or on the Internet. Bullying is often based on perceived differences, such as ethnicity, sex or disability, so young LGBT people evidently have a higher risk of being bullied. In a health care sector a health care worker may tell a service user that they needs to stop eating as they are already too fat. Abuse: Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of an entity, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices; crimes, or other types of aggression. Abuse of authority, in the form of political corruption, is the use of legislated or otherwise authorized powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties. Abuse of authority is separated from abu se of power in that the act is originally condoned, but is extended beyond that initially conceived and is in not all cases.

Money and Happiness, It Never Works Together Essay

a good deal times if you inherit a gravid amount of property your life washbasin change forever untold equivalent in a lottery, provided if you argon non cargonful you may expert be the opposite of blissful. However, businessmen who urinate their money atomic number 18 proud of it, bonny engage lottery winners who watch had their lives alter because of that. Well, in Goodbye, Columbus the Patimkin family act a lot like lottery winners, Mr. Patimkin a wealthy businessman has a blighted family who in actually doesnt seems happy with their wealth. As more and more enigmas started to resurrect with money, things started to unravel with the family. In Goodbye Columbus, Phillip Roth examines that Br shutdowna and her drives tensions over money, Brendas modus vivendi decisions ab out money (including the nose job), and the taken for granted(predicate) times gap shows that financial achiever does non eternally lead to happiness.Brenda and her fetch throw issues about money, and Brendas spargon laziness over having maids leads her to believe she lav do whatever she wants. They fight over Brendas view on her not appreciating the value of money, since her bugger off tells her You ought to earn well-nigh money and debase your own costume, merely Brenda al ports infers she doesnt have to earn her money and daddy should buy her clothes and nose jobs for her. Not nevertheless that, they fight about work value-system because Brenda hypothesises the maid should do everything and her let think she is lazy for it was said by Brendas mother You ought to learn what a twenty-four hourss work means. (64).Brenda up to now doesnt think that authority, in fact she think she thinks shes not a slaveIm a female child which gives readers the impression that she is a brat, and that she does not instruct the value of hard work or money. Brendas mother also believes Brenda is lazy, and Brenda thinks the maids cigarette do all the dishes and hous ework Whens the last time you washed the dishes savior ChristCarlotta washes the dishes this shows Brenda has a mindset that because she is lavish she doesnt have to do anything. Thitherfore, Brenda and her mothers constant fighting show that they have plenty of tension betwixt them to prove that money never has guide to personal happiness.While Brenda and her mother have personal issues that lead to money not giving them happiness, Brendas personal decisions & her lifestyle have rankd her way on not being happy with money. Brenda ever so has a mindset that her maids Carlotta and Jenny do everything when in cosmos, she is the one that needs to be doing work, as this was stated during her fight with her mother My god, mother youd think we didnt have Carlota and Jenny (64). She because of her monetary attitude (being wealthy) she assumes that she doesnt have any chores to do, however her mother thinks Brenda should help more well-nigh the house (and in a way calls her spoi guid e) When is the last time you lifted a finger to help around here?, therefore in a way their social and economic status had led to money being a problem because of their fighting. Brendas lifestyle choices also dictate why money doesnt forever and a day bring happiness, for example Brenda wanted a nose job to smooth out the bumps in it, but in reality she wanted to look prettier Im pretty. Now Im prettier. If psyche wanted to look prettier, they could have spent less money on her, but instead Brenda spent a railway yard dollars on the nose job honorable to be prettier.The generation gap mingled with the Patimkin parents and children could also beg off why money doesnt always lead to happiness. Mr. Patimkin explains that he wasnt as wealthy as his was now, instead he had (to buy) forks and knives for the five and ten.(95) Which means he bought his things from plate and dime cut stores (like the Dollar Store) when he was a kid. However he and then goes on to say that his kids need luxurious to eat off of(95) which implies that they are spoiled, however he isnt angry at his kids instead he is happy he can pass on his modern wealth to them but here was no anger far from it. However, his kids (the next generation) are exactly the opposite, instead of buying thinks from discount stores and work hard they are acquiring nose jobs, relying on their maids, and going to field clubs which are all things upper crime syndicate people do. There defiantly is a generation gap between the working class Mr. and Mrs. Patimkin, and the spoiled Brenda, Ron, and even Julie Patimkin.The Patimkins are not a dysfunctional family by any means, in fact they are a loving family by umteen aspects, they respect each other, and in the end it is money that implodes the family. It is unknown if the familys generation gap is filled, but judging by the attitude of the children it seems that they may never be happy in their spirits. And while it seems that money is keeping them hap py on the surface, by chance it is money that is driving them apart. Just ask anyone that ever won the lottery and you lead know that their lives have change drastically, much like the Patimkins live have changed at a time they realized that.